Emerging Nanonutraceuticals against Obesity.

Obesity, a global public health issue, often emanates from dietary imbalances. Strategic nutraceutical supplementation can fundamentally mitigate or even reverse obesity with minimal adverse effects. Nonetheless, most antiobesity nutraceuticals possess intrinsic limitations in oral administration, such as low solubility, chemical instability, and susceptibility to biodegradation. These drastically diminish their bioavailability, thereby restricting their effectiveness in combating obesity. The emergence of nanotechnology heralds a transformative paradigm to clear this hurdle. A myriad of nutraceuticals has been nanomodified for obesity management, yet a comprehensive compilation on this topic is currently absent. Accordingly, this review focuses on all antiobesity nanonutraceuticals and expounds their characteristics, enhanced bioavailability, and weight-loss mechanisms according to six primary categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Their application perspectives, impediments, and potential solutions are further discussed. As a pivotal reference, this review will accelerate the in-depth development of nanonutraceuticals and their translation from bench to bedside in the ongoing battle against the global obesity epidemic.