A Perspective on Software Intelligence for Autonomous Transformations in Biomedical Data and Knowledge.

Introduction: Persistent knowledge is essential for propagating the learning health system (LHS) cycle. Integral to the cycle are iterative transformations of data into knowledge. However, human efforts to undertake these transformations are increasingly challenged when dealing with larger data scales and complexities. Data sets within repositories and archives are often underutilized unless specifically requested for research programs. Specialized software algorithms (agents) can use existing knowledge for learning tasks, explore their environment, discover and create goals, and interact with humans. Methods: This paper examines the potential role of software intelligence for autonomous transformations of data and knowledge. Agents can perform various goal-directed tasks. Multi-agent systems can be utilized for data collection, description, preparation, modeling, and knowledge-mining tasks. Knowledge representation, ontologies, semantic web standards, knowledge bases, and graphs can lead to a higher level of directed learning. Agents can develop reasoning abilities and self-generate goals by leveraging semantic relationships between various datasets. Results: A conceptual framework for an intelligent biomedical platform (IBP) is proposed. The IBP comprises four layers: infrastructure (IS), user interface (UI), coordination system (CS), and data and knowledge (DK). It also integrates a network of multi-agent systems for clinical decision-making and knowledge-mining tasks. Intelligence in the platform results from the interaction of the IS, UI, CS, and DK agents. These agents can implement multiple inferential steps using the data and knowledge within accessible repositories. Large language models can be integrated with various knowledge resources and domain-specific databases, thereby improving the accuracy of results. Conclusion: An IBP supported by a multi-agent system can enhance the autonomous transformation of data and knowledge. Including software intelligence within current repositories and archives enhances data reuse and the generation of new knowledge. With the addition of software reasoning capabilities in biomedical platforms, the LHS cycle can be efficiently propagated to aid in newer biomedical discoveries.