Successful Treatment of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Related Aortitis in Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: The frequency of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related aortitis is low. We report a case of successful corticosteroid treatment in a patient with prostate cancer who developed aortitis following pegfilgrastim administration. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old male with castration-resistant prostate cancer initiated docetaxel therapy. During the second cycle, pegfilgrastim was administered for neutropenia prophylaxis. On Day 10, the patient developed a persistent fever and elevated inflammatory markers. Evaluation led to a diagnosis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related aortitis, and corticosteroid therapy was started. After switching from pegfilgrastim to filgrastim, the patient completed eight treatment cycles without recurrence. Conclusion: In patients who develop fever and elevated inflammatory markers following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related aortitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.