High Prevalence of Active HDV Infection Among HBsAg-Positive Patients in Urban and Rural Areas in Gabon: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study.

Background: HDV, a defective virus dependent on hepatitis B for assembly, can lead to severe liver diseases and an increased risk of progressing to complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the high prevalence of HDV in Gabon, especially in central Africa, understanding the epidemiology and associated risks is crucial. Aim: This study aimed to assess the serological and molecular features of HDV among HBsAg-positive patients in the urban and rural areas of Gabon. Method: The study was conducted from April 2019 to December 2022 in the Franceville area and from January to June 2023 in the Libreville area. We enrolled 145 newly diagnosed HBsAg-positive individuals in Franceville (101) and Libreville (44). Plasma samples were collected for serological and molecular analyses, including tests for HDV antibodies and RNA detection. Result: The results showed an overall HDV prevalence of 26.2%, with higher rates in Libreville (18/44; 40.9%) compared to Franceville (20/101; 19.8%). Molecular analysis identified the circulation of genotypes I, VII, and VIII, with a predominance of replicative forms. The prevalence of replicative HDV RNA activity was 29.4%, indicating a need for accessible treatment options. Demographic analysis revealed a predominantly male population with an average age of 40. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of HDV in Gabon and emphasise the importance of targeted interventions and further research to address public health challenges associated with HDV infection in the region.