Brain-Wide Connectivity Patterns of Feedforward and Feedback Cortico-Cortical Neurons in the Mouse Secondary Visual Cortex.

Feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) cortico-cortical neurons are distinct yet spatially intermingled subtypes distributed across cortical layers, playing specialized roles in sensory and cognitive processing. However, whether their presynaptic inputs differ to support these functions remains unknown. Using projection- and layer-specific monosynaptic rabies tracing, we mapped brain-wide long-distance inputs to multiple FF and FB neuron types in VISl (also known as LM), the mouse secondary visual cortex. Overall, long-distance input patterns for these FF and FB neurons were largely similar, as all received the majority of their inputs from VISp, the primary visual cortex, along with substantial inputs from various other cortical and visual thalamic regions. Despite their similarities, these FF and FB types differed in the proportion of long-distance cortical inputs originating from specific visual, retrosplenial, and auditory cortices. These findings reveal the input connectivity patterns of cortico-cortical neurons based on FF and FB projections, providing an anatomical framework for future studies on their functions and circuit integration.