Programmed Cell Death and Its Therapeutic Implications in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Apoptosis, Autophagy, Ferroptosis, and Necroptosis.

Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and widespread α-synuclein pathology. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular m…

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