Brain banks in Latin America: Infrastructure for diagnosis, research, and scientific equity in Mexico and the Caribbean.

The establishment of brain banks is a strategic initiative to advance research on neurodegenerative diseases in Latin America. This article highlights the development, operations, and multidisciplinary framework of the National Dementia BioBank in Mexico and the National Brain Bank in the Dominican Republic. Both centers focus on the molecular characterization of pathological proteins central to Alzheimer's disease, such as tau and amyloid beta. Standardized protocols have been implemented for tissue donation, preservation, and post mortem analysis. Beyond supporting diagnostics and research, these centers promote scientific literacy and public engagement through traveling exhibitions and outreach initiatives. Together, these brain banking efforts enhance regional scientific capacity, strengthen international collaboration, and advance the representation of historically underserved populations. Their work contributes to a more equitable and globally relevant neuroscience landscape, positioning Latin America as a growing contributor to translational research in aging and dementia. HIGHLIGHTS: Creation of two national brain banks in Mexico (National Dementia BioBank) and the Dominican Republic (National Brain Bank-UNPHU) with standardized protocols for donation, preservation, and post mortem analysis of tau and amyloid beta under international parameters. Integration of advanced histopathological and molecular diagnostic platforms combining classical stains (H&E, Bielschowsky) with immunoperoxidase, multiplex immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and AI-powered automated analysis for quantification and recognition of topographic patterns. Design of an inclusive tissue collection model that prioritizes the genomic and sociocultural representation of mestizo, Afro-Caribbean, and Indigenous populations, reducing Eurocentric bias and enhancing the global validity of studies on Alzheimer's and other dementias. Development of a culturally sensitive, ethical, and neuroethical framework, with an informed consent process accessible in multiple languages and literacy levels, and safeguarding confidentiality through rigorous data coding. Implementation of innovative outreach strategies (traveling exhibitions, augmented/virtual reality, public lectures) to promote a culture of brain donation and democratize knowledge about neurodegeneration in diverse communities.